How Does 'Cities Of Salt' Portray Arab Society And Change?

The novel 'Cities of Salt' was penned by the Saudi Arabian writer Abdelrahman Munif, a master of political storytelling. Its controversy stems from its unflinching portrayal of oil's disruptive force in the Arab world, blending myth and reality to critique Western imperialism and local corruption. Munif's vivid prose exposes how oil wealth erodes traditions, turning Bedouin communities into displaced shadows of themselves. The book was banned in several Gulf states for its perceived anti-monarchical stance, yet it remains a landmark for its poetic defiance and historical resonance. What makes it electrifying is its refusal to romanticize progress. Munif depicts pipelines as veins draining cultural identity, and foreign engineers as modern colonizers. The controversy isn’t just political—it’s emotional, capturing the grief of a people severed from their land. Critics call it incendiary; admirers hail it as a necessary mirror. Either way, its raw honesty ensures it lingers in the mind long after the last page.

'Cities of Salt' is a sprawling epic that captures the seismic shifts in a fictional Gulf kingdom when oil is discovered. The novel begins with the quiet, traditional life of a coastal village, where the rhythms of existence are dictated by the sea and the land. Suddenly, American oilmen arrive, and their presence disrupts everything. The villagers are bewildered by the foreigners' technology and arrogance, and their way of life is obliterated. The story follows multiple characters—locals, oil workers, and the emerging elite—as they navigate the chaos of modernization. The narrative exposes the exploitation and cultural erosion that accompany the oil boom. The villagers are displaced, their land stolen, and their identities fractured. The ruling class, seduced by wealth, becomes complicit in the destruction. The novel’s title reflects the ephemeral nature of the new wealth—like cities built on salt, it’s destined to dissolve. The prose is rich with allegory, painting a haunting portrait of greed, displacement, and the loss of innocence. It’s a tragic, unforgettable exploration of how progress can erase history.

I dug into this because 'Cities of Salt' is one of those books that sparks debates wherever it's mentioned. The novel, written by Abdelrahman Munif, faced bans in several Gulf countries, particularly Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The reasons aren't officially spelled out, but it's widely believed the book's unflinching portrayal of oil-driven societal upheaval and political corruption hit too close to home. The story critiques the rapid modernization and foreign influence in the region, which likely unsettled authorities. Munif's depiction of a fictionalized Arab monarchy's collusion with Western oil companies was seen as subversive. The book doesn't pull punches—it shows how greed dismantles tradition, leaving ordinary people displaced and angry. Censorship often targets works that challenge power structures, and 'Cities of Salt' does exactly that. Its ban reflects a fear of narratives that question authority or expose uncomfortable truths about economic exploitation.

'Cities of Salt' is a scathing critique of oil-driven colonialism, painting a visceral picture of how foreign exploitation ravages both land and culture. The novel traces the arrival of American oil companies in a fictional Gulf kingdom, stripping the desert of its resources while erasing Bedouin traditions. The locals are reduced to laborers or displaced entirely, their ancestral knowledge rendered obsolete overnight. Modernity is forced upon them like a curse—roads and pipelines cut through sacred grounds, and the air reeks of burning oil instead of campfires. The real tragedy lies in the psychological colonization. The protagonist, Miteb, embodies this clash; his horsemanship and survival skills mean nothing in the new world. Even the novel's fragmented structure mirrors the disintegration of a society—once cohesive, now splintered by greed. Munif doesn’t just blame outsiders; he shows how local elites collaborate, trading sovereignty for wealth. The title itself is ironic: salt, once a symbol of purity and preservation, becomes a metaphor for the bitterness left behind.

In 'Cities of Salt', the novel dives deep into the clash between tradition and modernization, particularly in an unnamed Gulf country. The arrival of American oil companies disrupts the lives of Bedouins, stripping them of their land and way of life. The story captures the erosion of cultural identity, as people are forced to adapt or resist the rapid industrialization. The book also explores greed and exploitation, showing how foreign powers manipulate local rulers for profit, leaving the native population powerless. Themes of displacement and loss permeate the narrative—families torn apart, villages erased. Yet, there’s a quiet resistance, a refusal to completely surrender to the new order. The novel’s strength lies in its unflinching portrayal of how progress isn’t always benevolent, often leaving scars deeper than the benefits it brings.

The setting of 'Below the Salt' is a medieval-inspired world where society is sharply divided by an invisible barrier called the Salt Line. Above it, the nobility live in opulent castles with magical luxuries, while below, commoners endure backbreaking labor in salt mines and fields. The geography reflects this divide—lush, golden landscapes above, bleak and salted earth below. Time moves differently too; a day above might be a week below, creating weird gaps in aging. The story primarily unfolds in the border town of Marrow, where the salt trade thrives, and rebellion simmers. The author cleverly uses this setup to explore class struggle through literal magic separation.

The protagonist in 'Below the Salt' is John Gower, a medieval poet who gets caught up in a time-traveling adventure that shakes his understanding of history and his own place in it. What makes Gower fascinating is how ordinary he starts—just a man chronicling the past—until he's thrust into a conspiracy spanning centuries. His journey from observer to active participant mirrors the book's themes of agency and legacy. Gower's voice carries the weight of someone who's seen too much yet remains curiously hopeful. The way he balances his scholarly detachment with growing emotional investment in the people he meets across time creates a compelling internal conflict. His relationships with historical figures feel authentic because we see them through his evolving perspective.

'Of Women and Salt' is a novel that spans generations and geographies, weaving together the lives of women connected by blood and circumstance. The story begins in 19th-century Cuba, where the brutality of slavery and colonial oppression forms the backdrop for the earliest narrative threads. The author paints a vivid picture of the sugarcane fields, the oppressive heat, and the unyielding social hierarchies that define this era. The setting then shifts to modern-day Miami, where the descendants of these women grapple with their inherited trauma, immigration struggles, and the complexities of identity. The contrast between the lush, violent past of Cuba and the stark, often isolating urban landscape of Miami creates a powerful tension throughout the book. The novel also delves into the lives of characters in present-day Texas and Mexico, exploring themes of displacement and resilience. The borderlands between the U.S. and Mexico are depicted with raw honesty, highlighting the dangers and desperation faced by migrants. The author doesn’t shy away from the harsh realities of detention centers or the emotional toll of family separation. What makes the setting so compelling is how it mirrors the internal struggles of the characters—whether it’s the claustrophobic atmosphere of a Cuban prison or the sterile loneliness of a Miami apartment. The places in this book aren’t just backdrops; they’re almost characters themselves, shaping the lives and choices of the women who inhabit them.