What Does An Emperor Scorpion Eat In Captivity?

Honestly, I used to think my emperor scorpion could be a chill roommate until a late-night forum thread and one nervous molt taught me otherwise. Emperor scorpions are big and pretty mellow compared to other scorpions, but they’re still predators with an opportunistic streak. That means smaller invertebrates — crickets, small roaches, young isopods — can easily become late-night snacks. Molting is the riskiest time: a scorpion is practically defenseless and any curious tankmate can injure or eat it. Beyond predation, different species have different humidity, temperature, and substrate needs. Emperors like humid, deep substrate for burrowing; some dry-loving pets won’t thrive in that setup, and vice versa. If you want cleanup crew vibes, I’ve had the best, least stressful results with springtails and larger isopods kept in quarantine first. Some keepers also house adult Madagascar hissing roaches with emperors, but it’s a gamble — many roaches are treated as feeders and can reproduce like crazy if they escape. My rule now: separate housing unless you’re prepared to accept losses and do meticulous monitoring. If you try mixing species, quarantine everything, match environmental needs, and be ready to separate quickly.

If you’re thinking about keeping an emperor scorpion or just wondering how long one sticks around, here’s what I’ve learned from keeping a few over the years. In captivity, Pandinus imperator typically lives around 6–8 years with good care. Females often outlive males and, in especially attentive setups, some individuals have been documented to reach 8–10+ years. In the wild their lifespan tends to be shorter because of predators, parasites, and habitat stress. Key factors that influence longevity in captivity are stable humidity (generally 75–85%), consistent temperatures in the mid-70s to low-80s °F (about 24–28 °C), a deep, clean substrate for burrowing, and a steady diet of gut-loaded roaches or crickets. Molting is a big vulnerability — scorpions can refuse food, become sluggish, or hide for days before and after a molt, and young scorpions molt more often than adults. Keeping stress low, avoiding handling during molts, and maintaining clean water and enclosure hygiene will go a long way toward pushing a healthy scorpion into the upper end of that lifespan range. If you want tips on substrate mixes or feeding schedules, I’ve experimented a lot and can share what worked best for me.

Keeping an emperor scorpion is one of those hobbies that sneaks up on you — at first it’s curiosity, then you’re obsessively watching them rearrange the substrate at night. For enclosure size, floor space matters way more than height. I’ve found a single adult emperor scorpion does perfectly well in a long 10–20 gallon tank; most people lean toward a 20-gallon long because it gives enough room for burrows, hides, and a big shallow water dish without feeling cramped. Vertical height isn’t important since they’re terrestrial, but you do want enough horizontal space for a few hides and a comfortable walking area. Substrate depth is key: provide at least 3–6 inches (8–15 cm) of a moisture-retaining mix like coconut coir or peat-based substrate so they can burrow. Humidity should stay high — around 75–80% — and temperatures in the mid-to-high 70s up to low 80s °F (about 24–29°C). Add a sturdy hide, a shallow water bowl, and a secure lid (they’re escape artists when motivated). If you’re keeping juveniles, start them in smaller tubs for humidity control and safety, but move them up as they grow. Also, never house multiple adults together unless you’re experienced; emperors can tolerate company at times, but cannibalism is always a risk. I still smile watching mine push substrate around — it’s worth taking the extra care to get the setup right.

If you’ve got an emperor scorpion sitting in a tank and you’re curious about its sex, the easiest and most reliable thing I check is the underside: look at the pectines. These comb-like sensory organs right behind the scorpion’s legs are the giveaway—males typically have larger, more protruding pectines with noticeably more teeth. Females’ pectines are smaller and shorter, and the tooth count is lower. It’s subtle if you’re new to it, but once you’ve compared a few adults, it becomes obvious. I usually get a flashlight and gently coax the scorpion onto a clear lid or into a shallow, ventilated container so I can safely lift and look without handling. Take photos if you can; zoomed-in images make counting the pectinal teeth way easier. Also watch body shape: females are often chunkier in the mesosoma (the ‘body’), while males can look a bit longer in the tail and legs. Remember juveniles aren’t reliable — they don’t show mature pectines until after several molts. Be gentle and patient; stressing them out just to check is unnecessary and can skew what you see.

I’ve kept emperor scorpions (Pandinus imperator) for years, so I tend to be pretty specific about the temperature and humidity I aim for. For adults I keep the enclosure around 78–85°F (25–29°C) during the day, and I don’t let it drop below about 72°F (22°C) at night. Humidity is the bigger deal for me: I target roughly 75–85% relative humidity most of the time, and push nearer to 85–90% when they’re about to molt. To maintain those numbers I use a digital thermometer/hygrometer, a large water dish, and a substrate that holds moisture—coconut coir mixed with a bit of topsoil and sphagnum moss works really well. I mist lightly every day or every other day and keep a thick substrate depth (4–6 inches) so they can burrow and stay humid down low. If my ambient room temps drop, I’ll use a low-wattage heat mat on the side or back of the tank with a thermostat; never a hot basking lamp directly over them. Low humidity has bitten me before—failed molts and lethargy—so I err on the side of higher humidity but balance ventilation to prevent stagnant air and mold. If you’re breeding or housing juveniles, keep temps steady and humidity a touch higher, and check them daily during molting season. It’s a cozy setup once dialed in, and the little ritual of misting and checking gauges is kind of meditative for me.

I keep a soft spot for creepy-crawlies so I watch molts like little milestones. For an adult emperor scorpion (that lovely chunky one, 'Pandinus imperator'), molting slows right down once they’re full grown. In my experience and from what I’ve read, adults usually shed about once a year, though you can see intervals anywhere from every 6 months to once every 18 months depending on conditions. Young scorpions molt far more often as they're growing — sometimes every few months — but once they hit adulthood the growth drives are mostly done, so the frequency drops. What changes the timing? Temperature, humidity, diet and overall health. Warmer, well-fed animals with steady humidity will sometimes molt a bit more often. Older adults might stretch to 1–2 years between molts. Also, watch for pre-molt signs: reduced appetite, lethargy, darkening or dulling of the exoskeleton, and wandering into a burrow or staying very still. I always give my scorpions privacy, high humidity, and zero handling for several weeks around a molt — they’re gorgeous but fragile during and right after it.

I got into keeping arthropods as a hobby a few years back, so I’ve had my fair share of nervous excitement around an emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator). In my experience and from what vets and hobbyist groups stress, their sting is generally not very dangerous to healthy adults — it’s often compared to a bee or wasp sting. Expect sharp pain for a few minutes, some localized swelling and redness, maybe itching, and then gradual improvement over a few hours. Most people only need basic first aid: clean the area, apply a cold pack to reduce swelling, and take an over-the-counter pain reliever if needed. That said, I’m always cautious around them. Allergic reactions are the real wild card — if someone has trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, or a fast heartbeat after a sting, that’s an emergency and they should get immediate medical help. Kids, elderly people, and those with compromised immune systems can react worse, so I’d be quicker to call a doctor in those cases. Also, don’t try home remedies like cutting or sucking the wound; keep it clean and monitored, and if infection signs appear (spreading redness, fever), see a clinician.

I still get a little nervous whenever one of my scorpions goes quiet for a few days — it’s like when a character in a manga goes into hiding before a huge reveal. From living with emperor scorpions I’ve seen a handful of recurring health problems that are worth knowing so you can catch them early. The big ones are dehydration and molting complications. Emperors need a humid hide and a shallow water dish; if humidity is too low they can struggle to shed and end up ‘stuck’ in their old exoskeleton, which is often fatal. I’ve also dealt with mites and fungal patches when substrate stayed wet for too long — that shows up as tiny moving specks or fuzzy discoloration. Temperature issues matter too: if it’s too cool they get lethargic and stop eating, and too hot or dry stresses them out. Other common problems are impaction (from ingesting gritty substrate), injuries like lost legs after a fall or rough handling, and occasional bacterial or fungal infections from dirty enclosures. Signs to watch for include a scorpion refusing food for weeks, an odd posture during or after a molt, shriveling tail or body, visible mites, or white fuzzy growths. Prevention is mostly environmental: stable temps around 75–86°F (24–30°C), humidity in the 70–80% range with a moist hide, clean water, a safe substrate like coconut fiber, and quarantine for new feeder insects. If you spot severe symptoms — a stuck molt, persistent lethargy, or visible infection — reach out to an exotics vet; I learned the hard way that some problems don’t resolve on their own.