When Should Plt Subplots Figsize Use Inches Versus Pixels?

2025-09-04 19:32:24 246

3 Answers

Faith
Faith
2025-09-06 02:45:41
I usually decide based on the final medium. If something's destined for a printed poster or paper, I pick inches first because publications care about physical dimensions and a print-quality DPI — 300 dpi is a good rule of thumb. So I might do fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4.5)) and then plt.savefig('figure.png', dpi=300). That means a 7"×4.5" figure at 300 dpi will be 2100×1350 pixels when rasterized.

But when I'm producing web images or GUI screenshots, pixels are king. In that case I calculate inches from the desired pixel size: inches = pixels / dpi. If I want 800×600 px and I keep the default dpi of 100, I set figsize=(8, 6) or call plt.savefig('out.png', dpi=100). If your display or target platform uses a different DPI (like 96 for some browsers or 150+ for retina displays), adjust accordingly.

One more practical angle: interactive backends display based on inches * figure.dpi, so if a figure looks tiny on a high-DPI monitor, bump the figure.dpi or use plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] to scale UI size. For vector outputs, focus on inches and layout, because they scale cleanly, but remember embedded raster images still depend on dpi.
Owen
Owen
2025-09-09 20:40:02
Short checklist style — what I do in the moment: always remember figsize is in inches; matplotlib separates size (inches) from resolution (dpi), and pixels = inches * dpi. For print or fixed physical layouts I pick inches first and choose dpi (300 for print). For web or pixel-precise outputs I pick pixels and compute inches = pixels / dpi, or I just use savefig(..., dpi=desired) to force the exported pixel size.

Also keep in mind vector formats ('pdf', 'svg') are resolution-independent for lines and text, so there inches control layout more than pixel fidelity; raster formats ('png', 'jpg') rely on the dpi at save time. If something looks off in the GUI, check fig.get_size_inches() and fig.dpi and tweak rcParams['figure.dpi'] for consistency.
Reese
Reese
2025-09-10 02:58:52
Okay, here’s how I think about it when I'm fiddling with figures late at night: matplotlib's figsize is always in inches, not pixels, and that’s by design. The idea is to separate the physical size from the raster resolution. So when I want a figure for print or to match a physical layout, I pick inches. For example, if a journal wants a 6-inch wide figure at 300 dpi, I set figsize=(6, something) and then save with dpi=300. That guarantees the printed result is the right physical size and resolution.

On the flip side, when I'm preparing images for the web or a dashboard where pixel exactness matters, I think in pixels and convert back to inches by dividing by the DPI. Matplotlib stores a DPI (default often 100), so pixels = inches * dpi. If I want a 1200×800 PNG and my figure.dpi is 100, I set figsize=(12, 8) or save with plt.savefig('out.png', dpi=100) to get those pixel dimensions. Also remember that vector formats like 'pdf' and 'svg' scale without pixel loss, so inches matter less for visual fidelity there — but rasterized elements (images inside the plot) will still respect the dpi.

A couple of practical tips I use: check fig.get_size_inches() and fig.dpi when something looks off, use savefig(dpi=...) to override exporting resolution without changing on-screen size, and set rcParams['figure.dpi'] if you want a consistent pixel baseline. High-DPI screens and presentation slides can muddy the waters, so if exact pixels are critical, compute inches = desired_pixels / dpi explicitly and pass that to figsize.
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