I've always been fascinated by characters who turn a perceived disability into their greatest strength. A classic that springs to mind is 'All the Light We Cannot See' by Anthony Doerr. Marie-Laure is a young blind girl in Nazi-occupied France, and the way the book describes her world through textures, sounds, and smells is breathtaking. It's less about 'mastering' in a superhuman way and more about a deeply immersive, alternate perception.
For a complete genre shift, there's the blind swordsman trope in wuxia and xianxia. While not always a perfect fit for the 'mastering other senses' prompt, characters like Di Ai in some Chinese web novels or Zatoichi from the films use heightened hearing to fight. It's a very different vibe—more about cinematic, almost supernatural sensory compensation than the quiet, literary focus of Doerr's work.