I get a real kick out of debating this one — it's one of those matchups that shifts depending on which comics run or movie you're thinking about. In the comics, Thor and Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers) are both ridiculously strong, but they shine in different ways. Thor is basically a living mythological wrecking ball: godly durability, centuries of combat experience, command over lightning, and access to cosmic-level power through the Odinforce or enhancements like the Godstorm. He physically out-lifts and out-throws almost every hero in pure brawl scenarios in many stories.
Carol's strengths are more about energy manipulation and versatility. As Binary she can manipulate stellar energy, create massive photon blasts, fly at extreme speeds, and absorb or redirect energy. That makes her a nightmare for foes who rely on raw force alone. In several runs she has punched above what you might expect from her base strength — taking down power-amplified threats and surviving energy attacks that would sap lesser heroes.
So who wins? It hinges on versions and context. Comic Thor with Odinforce-level power likely has the edge in raw cosmic authority and brute force; regular Thor vs Binary Carol can swing either way based on tactics. MCU versions compress that gap differently: MCU Captain Marvel shows enormous energy projection and speed, while MCU Thor has more fighting finesse, weaponry, and durability. Honestly, I love that neither matchup has a single correct winner — it makes debates fun and keeps both characters interesting. I usually root for a clever, tactical fight where Carol's energy tricks face off against Thor's thunderous might, and I always end up smiling at how creative the writers get.