Bright red vinyl covers and scribbled liner notes come to mind when I hear 'The Devil in Disguise.' The most famous use of that exact phrase in popular culture is actually the hit song 'You're the Devil in Disguise,' which was written by the songwriting team Bill Giant, Bernie Baum, and Florence Kaye and recorded by Elvis Presley in 1963. That trio wrote a lot of material for movies and singer-led records back then, and this tune is their best-known charting collaboration.
If you meant a written story rather than the song, I’d point out that 'The Devil in Disguise' is a title authors have reused across short stories and novels, so the credited writer depends on which work you have in mind. Different genres—mystery, romance, horror—have their own takes on that phrase. For me, the song version’s playful bitterness is what sticks: it's catchy, a little sly, and still a guilty-pleasure earworm years later.