It’s a spectrum more than a strict binary, but you can usually feel it in how the book makes you turn pages. Story-driven stuff grabs you with what happens next—a conspiracy unraveling, a quest progressing, a mystery’s clues stacking up. The characters serve the plot; their choices feel like they’re steering you toward the next set piece. Think of a lot of classic thrillers or epic fantasy. The protagonist might be competent but somewhat generic, because the focus is on the grand events unfolding.
Character-driven work is the opposite. The plot often emerges from who these people are, their flaws and desires clashing. The ‘story’ might be as simple as a family weathering a crisis, but the tension comes from internal change, not external threat. You keep reading because you’re invested in whether they’ll grow or self-destruct. The pacing can feel slower, but the emotional payoff is different, more intimate. I find myself remembering the people from character-driven books long after I’ve forgotten the intricate plots of some story-driven ones.
Of course, the best novels blend both. 'The Count of Monte Cristo' has a phenomenal, intricate plot driven entirely by one man’s transformative bitterness. The story is the character. But when analyzing, I look at the engine: is the primary forward motion coming from events happening to the characters, or from the characters’ decisions shaping events?