No, Inosuke Hashibira does not die in Demon Slayer. Despite throwing himself into dangerous fights and sustaining some brutal injuries throughout the series, he survives until the end of the main storyline. His wild, fearless fighting style—and occasional reckless charging into battle—often makes it look like he’s a goner, but his agility, instinct, and sheer stubbornness keep him alive.
There are moments, like during the fight with Doma or the Upper Rank demons in the Entertainment District, where he takes what seem like fatal blows, and other characters (and viewers) might genuinely fear the worst. But Inosuke is the type to shrug off wounds that would sideline most people, sometimes even rejoining combat before his allies can believe he’s still standing.
By the conclusion of Demon Slayer, Inosuke is still very much alive and part of the surviving group of demon slayers who witness the end of Muzan Kibutsuji’s reign. In the manga’s epilogue, which shows modern-day descendants and reincarnations of the characters, it’s implied that Inosuke lived a full life after the events of the main battle, carrying on his spirited, untamed way of living.
So while the story puts him through near-death experiences more than once, Inosuke’s fate is survival—not only of the battles, but into the peaceful era that follows.