Straight up? The chapter count bumps up once a week, give or take. Oda and his team maintain a consistent schedule in 'Weekly Shonen Jump,' with a chapter usually dropping in the magazine each Monday (Sunday in some timezones). That rhythm gets you a new numbered chapter about 45-48 times a year.
There are breaks, of course. Oda's earned his periodic health breaks, and the magazine itself has scheduled holidays—Golden Week, New Year's, that sort of thing. So you won't see a steady 52 chapters a year. The pattern feels more like three chapters on, one week off, repeated. The recent pace for the Final Saga has been solid, but you learn not to get too comfy; a break announcement always pops up right when the cliffhanger is most brutal.
I track it via the official Shonen Jump app, which updates pretty much simultaneously with the Japanese release. That's your most reliable metric for the chapter number ticking upward. Seeing that number climb toward 1,200 is its own kind of long-term reward, honestly.