Man, one of the coolest and creepiest things about the shadows in 'Solo Leveling' is how much of a person's fighting self they keep. From what I’ve gathered watching and rereading scenes, shadows usually retain the physical build, combat skills, and even some memories or personality ticks of whoever they were when Jinwoo consumed them. It’s not just a soulless puppet—many shadows move and fight like the person they used to be, which is why I always felt a weird sadness whenever one fell in battle.
That said, they aren’t full, independent people anymore. Their growth is tied to Jinwoo: they don’t spontaneously learn entirely new disciplines the way living hunters can, and their “stats” are filtered through the System that governs Jinwoo’s power. In practical terms this means a shadow will use the styles, techniques, and weapons it knew in life, and sometimes they’ll perform with terrifying expertise. When a shadow dies in the real world, it usually just collapses and disappears, but if its shadow form is destroyed in the shadow realm (or if Jinwoo releases or discards it), that death tends to be permanent. I always found the way the story balances retained humanity with puppet-like obedience really compelling—there’s heroism, but also a persistent melancholia whenever you see someone’s former self vanish.
I like to think of them like saved character files: their personality and toolkit are preserved, but their fate ultimately hinges on Jinwoo’s choices and the System’s rules. It makes every casualty feel weighty, because these are people who keep echoes of themselves even after death.