Alright, so the Diablo novels—they're kind of a scattered bunch, not one single story, which makes naming key characters a bit tricky. A lot of people think of 'The Sin War' trilogy by Richard A. Knaak as the core lore, and the absolute central figure there is Uldyssian ul-Diomed. He starts off as this simple farmer who discovers he has world-shaking powers, basically becoming a nephilim, and the whole conflict between the Cathedral of Light and the Triune cults revolves around him. His brother Mendeln is crucial too, dealing with death and the Underworld, and Lilith, the Daughter of Hatred, is obviously a massive player as the main antagonist.
But if you're asking about the novels as a whole set, you've got to mention Deckard Cain popping up in books like 'The Order'—he's the lynchpin for a lot of the in-game lore bridging. Then there's 'Demonsbane' with Aidan, the Warrior from the first game, and 'The Black Road' with Darrick Lang, a mercenary captain. Honestly, I feel like the truly key characters are the ones who impact the cosmic struggle: Uldyssian, Lilith, and Inarius (who gets more fleshed out in later books and games). The mortal heroes are often compelling, but they're more like entry points into the eternal conflict.
Sometimes I wonder if the novels are best read as companion pieces rather than a standalone narrative. You get a lot of Rathma and Trag'Oul in 'The Sin War', and they're critical for understanding the balance, but they don't have the same page time as the humans. For me, the key characters are the ones who make you see Sanctuary differently—Uldyssian for the potential of humanity, Lilith for the blurred lines between love and destruction, and Cain for the weary, human perspective tying it all back to the games.