Okay, so this thread is right up my alley. A solid place to start is any of Tana French's Dublin Murder Squad books, but specifically 'The Trespasser' with Antoinette Conway. She's not 'likeable' in a typical sense, which is exactly the point—she's cynical, abrasive, and completely over the institutional sexism, making her eventual dogged pursuit of the truth feel earned. It's a slow-burn procedural, but her internal monologue carries the whole thing.
Outside of police procedirons, I'm always going to shout out 'The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo'. Lisbeth Salander is a category of her own, obviously, but I think the term 'strong' sometimes gets flattened. Her strength isn't physical prowess; it's a terrifying, isolated intelligence and a survival instinct that borders on feral. The book works because you're constantly grappling with whether you're rooting for her or just horrified by her methods.
A recent one that hooked me was 'The Silent Patient' by Alex Michaelides. Theo Faber, the narrator, is a man, but the entire plot hinges on Alicia Berenson, the silent woman at the center. Her strength is this impenetrable, willful silence, and the mystery is unpacking the trauma behind it. It flips the 'woman in peril' trope on its head because her inaction becomes the most powerful force in the story.